Some common types of fallacies and their explanations

Fallacy of Assertion: In this fallacy, the assertion provides insufficient evidence or support, merely stating a fact as a declaration. For example: “Everyone knows I am the smartest person.” Fallacy of Causation: This fallacy lies in incorrectly assuming a causal relationship between two events. For example: “I ate strawberry ice cream, so it caused the weather to get cold.” This fallacy ignores other factors that might influence the weather. Ad Hominem Fallacy: In this fallacy, the arguer of the point is attacked, rather than engaging in a rational debate about the point itself. For example: “This plan is unwise because it was proposed by a stupid person.” Appeal to Emotion: In this fallacy, one attempts to persuade people to accept a certain argument by evoking emotion rather than logic and evidence. For example: “Support this policy, let’s create a better future together.” Appeal to Invalid Authority: In this fallacy, one attempts to use invalid or irrelevant authority to support the argument. For example: “Celebrity X likes this product, so it must be good.” Hasty Generalization: This fallacy lies in drawing overly broad conclusions based on limited evidence or samples. For example: “I saw two people who didn’t like this movie, so everyone won’t like it.” False Analogy: In this fallacy, one supports the argument by making an inappropriate or unsuitable comparison. For example: “Feeding vegetables to children is like feeding them to pets; both are for their own good.” Chain of Fallacy: In this fallacy, a false premise leads to a series of false conclusions. For example: “If we don’t change the education system, our economy will collapse; if the economy collapses, our society will collapse; therefore, we must change the education system.” There is no reasonable logical connection between the premise and the conclusion here. Metaphysical Fallacy: In this fallacy, an incorrect conclusion is drawn starting from the meaning of language or words. For example: “Money is a form of energy, so if I have enough money, I can control everything.” Appeal to Ignorance: In this fallacy, one believes that because something cannot be proven true or false, it must be either true or false. For example: “No one can prove the existence of aliens, so aliens must exist.” False Dilemma (or Either/Or Fallacy): In this fallacy, the issue is simplified to only two choices, while ignoring other possible options. For example: “You either support Party A or support Party B; there are no other choices.” False Continuum (or Continuum Fallacy): In this fallacy, one incorrectly assumes that there is infinite continuity between two extremes, while ignoring possible middle ground. For example: “If you don’t agree with my view 100%, then you are against me.” Fallacy of Composition and Fallacy of Division: This fallacy involves applying the characteristics of the individual to the entire group, or applying the characteristics of the group to each individual. For example: “The football team of this school is strong, so every student in this school is an excellent athlete.” Gambler’s Fallacy: This fallacy incorrectly assumes that there is a necessary balance between random events, believing that previous results will influence future results. For example: “Five heads appeared consecutively when tossing a coin, so the next one must be tails.” Fallacy of Past Belief: In this fallacy, one believes that past beliefs or views must be correct. For example: “Our ancestors believed the Earth was flat, so the Earth must be flat.” Fallacy of Assuming the Conclusion: In this fallacy, the conclusion is used as a premise to support one’s own argument. For example: “This book is the Bible of truth, because everything it says is truth.” Fallacy of Self-Contradiction (or Contradictory Premises): In this fallacy, the premises of the argument contradict each other, leading to an invalid conclusion. For example: “I will never lie, but right now I am lying.” Fallacy of Loaded Question: In this fallacy, the question itself is misleading, making it difficult for the respondent to answer without falling into a trap. For example: “When will you stop hitting your wife?”

August 5, 2023 · 4 min · xgDebug

Simple tenses in English

In English, the Third Person Singular refers to the form used for a single third-person subject. In English verbs, the verb form usually changes depending on the person and number of the subject. Specifically, the third person singular refers to situations where the subject is “he,” “she,” “it,” or a single noun. In the present tense, the verb usually ends with “-s” when it is in the third person singular. ...

August 4, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug

The best way to gain a sense of happiness in 2023 (Personal views)

Personally, I think the best way to achieve happiness is to turn life from an online game into a single-player game. Online games like PUBG or Honor of Kings require you to be better than others, have better gear than others, and even have better skins than others. There are always stronger players among the strong, so disappointment is a high-probability event. But what if we turn life into a single-player game? Like Zelda, where you only have to compare yourself to yourself. Every step is filled with happiness. When projected onto reality, this means having a better physique than others, a bigger house than others, and a fancier car than others. Constantly thinking about being superior and having to dominate others means happiness is destined to be difficult. Personally, I believe the correct method is: buying a house so you don’t have to move all the time—happy. Buying a car so you don’t have to squeeze onto the subway—happy. Buying a dishwasher so you don’t have to wash dishes—happy…

August 2, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug

Pay-to-Win, Cults, and Narcissism — Grand Awards of the Toxic Wellness Industry

Hello everyone, and welcome to the final episode of Deep Love for Wealth (or “Deep Love for Playing Wealth,” depending on context, but “Wealth” sounds more natural for a finance/self-help podcast). I’m JS Jingshu. As for what the future blog or other content will be, I’ll save that for the next episode—the first episode of the new podcast. Since this is the last one, I’m just going to go crazy. I’m giving up on the “Lin Blogger’s face” (a reference to a specific persona/brand) anyway; I’m not doing it anymore. So, I want to say something that I’ve always wanted to say: “The Academic Cat is Toxic.” Today, I don’t want to play around with non-judgmental, or, sigh, benevolent speculation in these mind-body contexts. Because if I hold that idea, of course, it’s not wrong, but my words just won’t make sense, and this sentence will never be fully articulated. ...

July 31, 2023 · 40 min · xgDebug

Everyone can use English

The outcome of merely “studying” without “applying” (which is the reality for most Chinese students) is that after more than a decade, they are still studying and still lack practical use (which is the reality for most Chinese students). The reason for “studying a lifetime” yet insisting on “never using it a lifetime” is the fear of making mistakes. When children make mistakes, they often face punishment. After adulthood, even without punishment from others, making mistakes can lead to self-inferiority and embarrassment. Therefore, many people avoid errors “at all costs.” However, you must know that the process of acquiring knowledge cannot be separated from trial and error. Without trial and error, comprehensive and genuine progress is impossible. So, you must know that making mistakes is normal, even indispensable. When doing things, making mistakes is inevitable. If you are doing something and there are absolutely no mistakes, then you are not doing something—you are dreaming. ...

July 31, 2023 · 4 min · xgDebug

Developing solutions without fully understanding users' problems is something I've made many mistakes in.

1. Do consumers recognize that they have the problem you are trying to solve? 2. If there was a solution, would they buy it? 3. Would they buy it from us? 4. Can we build a solution for that problem?" The common tendency of product development is to skip straight to the fourth question and build a solution before confirming that customers have the problem.

July 26, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug

Guide to Wealth and Happiness

Pursue wealth, not money or status. Wealth refers to assets that continue to earn money for you while you sleep. Money is the way we convert time into wealth. Status is the position you hold in the social hierarchy. Note - Location 321 Social status is a zero-sum game. Relying on renting out time is impossible to get rich. You must own equity (a part of the company) to achieve financial freedom. ...

July 25, 2023 · 6 min · xgDebug

Some useful risk management tools and risk management methods

When dealing with risk management, there are many useful tools and methods that can help you reduce financial risks and better manage your assets. Here are some risk management tools and methods worth considering: Insurance: Purchasing appropriate insurance is the most basic and important risk management tool. Health insurance, car insurance, property insurance, life insurance, etc., can provide you with economic support and protection when accidents or disasters occur. Diversified Portfolio: When investing, diversifying funds across different asset classes, such as stocks, bonds, real estate, and cash, helps spread risk. Such a diversified portfolio can reduce losses when specific assets perform poorly. Emergency Savings Fund: Establishing an emergency savings fund is used to cope with sudden emergencies and unexpected expenses. It is usually recommended to save an amount equivalent to three to six months of living expenses as an emergency reserve. Stop-Loss Strategy: In investing, setting a stop-loss point is a common risk management method. By setting a price point, assets are automatically sold when the asset price falls to a certain degree, avoiding further losses. Professional Financial Advisor: Seeking the help of a professional financial advisor or wealth planner can help you formulate personalized risk management strategies and make reasonable plans based on your goals and risk tolerance. Long-Term Investment: Long-term investment is usually more stable than short-term speculation because it can smoothly handle market fluctuations and achieve more stable returns through the accumulation of time. Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle helps reduce medical costs and health risks. Regular physical examinations and maintaining healthy eating habits can reduce the possibility of illness. Compliance with Laws and Regulations: Complying with laws and regulations, including traffic rules and building safety standards, can reduce many potential property and liability risks. Education Planning: Planning for children’s education in advance helps alleviate the pressure of future educational expenses. Debt Management: Managing personal debt, ensuring that the debt burden is reasonable and does not exceed one’s capacity to bear. ...

July 25, 2023 · 2 min · xgDebug

Let time accompany you to gradual wealth. Fixed investment changes destiny.

1 Almost everyone has the qualifications and ability for dollar-cost averaging. Highlight(yellow) - Location 135 The dollar-cost averaging strategy includes the following key points: What exactly is the asset? How long is the long term? How long is the regular interval? What is the minimum amount invested each time? 2 The securities trading market is the ninth great wonder of the world. Highlight(yellow) - Location 197 People always think that “choosing stocks” is a very difficult thing—but actually, it’s not difficult at all! Because that so-called “difficulty” is entirely caused by habitual thinking. In reality, it is merely the result of people being unwilling or afraid to use the simplest, most direct, and most effective method. This method is so simple, so unbelievably simple: simply choose the stocks that everyone in the market favors the most. ...

July 25, 2023 · 6 min · xgDebug

The Road to Financial Freedom_Li Xiaolai

00.20160729 Three Iron Laws of Time Selling ★ Highlight(blue) - Location 163 The Three Iron Laws of Time Selling: Growth is the fundamental key, prioritize value over valuation, and patience is more important than anything else. Highlight(blue) - Location 167 What is called personal financial freedom means that a person no longer needs to sell their time just to meet basic living necessities. Highlight(orange) - Location 203 There is only one standard for selection: Can what I choose help me accumulate more ability? ...

July 24, 2023 · 17 min · xgDebug

The emphasis on ceremony leads people to prioritize form over content.

Those who place great importance on the sense of ceremony are people who prioritize form over content—such individuals tend to be quite vain and concerned with what others think.

July 22, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug

Be sure to take care of your health.

When a person is in an unhealthy state, it not only severely affects their life but also makes them fragile. Many difficulties are usually overcome by gritting one’s teeth and enduring them, but for those whose bodies are unhealthy, the mind is easily prone to collapse. When young, people often don’t take their bodies seriously; it is only when major issues arise that they deeply regret it. If your body has minor ailments, undergo regular physical examinations and proactively treat them. If you lose your health, living itself becomes a form of torture. Unhealthy, no matter how much you possess, it holds little meaning.

July 22, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug

What school teaches us is meant for dealing with intelligent people, but in real life, we have to face things that cannot be reasoned with.

If a person lacks the appropriate genes and proper environmental education, then these individuals are forever unable to communicate through “reasoning.” Accepting this objective fact, one can only, much like zoologists studying animal habits, discern the behavioral characteristics of other humans, treating them as common animals, and using various means to control them to achieve one’s own goals.

July 22, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug

No matter what you are thinking about, the most important thing is to clearly define the framework you want to establish from the outset.

No matter what you are thinking about, the most important thing is to first understand what kind of framework you need to establish. In fact, once you have the framework, all that’s left is to fill it in. Conversely, if you don’t have a framework and immediately start thinking about the details, you will inevitably face a pile of unorganized, messy information, wasting time for nothing.

July 19, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug

同质化竞争开始时,市场就不再是原来的市场了。

usually are full of very similar competitors, fighting it out over price and marginal differences. This saturation makes it hard to enter a market, and even the businesses that are already in that market suffer.

July 19, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug

Products That Don't Solve Core Problems Have Little Value

I believe that many bootstrapped businesses only do half the work. They solve a problem, but they don’t address the most critical problem.

July 19, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug

一些常见的错误痛点

You built a solution for customers who think they have that problem under control. You solved the wrong problem. You developed a solution that helps only at the margins. You solved the wrong problem. You built something, but your customers have bigger fish to fry. You solved the wrong problem.

July 19, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug

你需要解决的是妨碍他们的核心问题

You want to build a “need-to-have” instead of a “nice-to-have.” You want to develop a painkiller instead of a vitamin. You want to be their aspirin. How can this be done? By finding their most important problem: the one issue that is critical to their success.

July 19, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug

什么样的问题算核心问题?

The most crucial problem a customer faces is on their minds most often. It’s the most important because it’s coming up frequently and is never easy to solve. It has the most impact on their lives, but it’s not always the obvious choice. If you can help a customer with their most critical problem, they will benefit the most.

July 19, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug

关键痛点是非常痛苦且你无法逃避,必须面对的问题

A Critical Problem Is Painful Problems can be a nuisance. They come up, and you either deal with them or ignore them. We can’t ignore critical problems. They persistently make the lives of those who have them harder until they are resolved. They can’t be just ignored, because they consistently reduce the quality of life.

July 19, 2023 · 1 min · xgDebug
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